Here's how they operate:

1. Signal Transmission: The central control system, typically operated by the lighting technician or stage manager, transmits RF/IR signals to a network of transmitters strategically placed throughout the stadium. These transmitters act as relays, receiving and redistributing the signals to the wristbands worn by the audience.

2. Reception and Processing: Each wristband contains a tiny microcontroller that receives and interprets the signals from the transmitters. The microcontroller decodes the signals, determining the desired colour and timing for the wristband's LED lights.

3. Colour Activation: The microcontroller sends instructions to the wristband's LED lights, activating the corresponding colour based on the received signal. The LED lights are precisely timed to match the rhythm and mood of the music, creating synchronised patterns and effects.

4. Synchronisation with Music: The central control system ensures synchronisation between the music and the wristband lights by sending IR codes that correspond to the tempo, beat, and dynamics of the songs. This synchronisation allows the wristbands to create a dynamic light show that complements and enhances the musical performance.